Tocotrienols

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What is Tocotrienols?
 

Tocotrienols are chemicals in the vitamin E family. Vitamin E is a substance necessary for proper body and brain function.

 

As with the other vitamin E chemicals, tocopherols, there are four types of tocotrienols found in nature: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. Tocotrienols occur in the oils of rice bran, palm fruit, barley, and wheat germ. Tocopherols, on the other hand, are found mostly in vegetable oils such as olive, sunflower and safflower oils, whole grains, and green leafy vegetables.

 

These substances are also available in supplement form as capsules or pills. Although tocotrienols are structurally similar to tocopherols, each has slightly different health properties.

 

That tocotrienols have many health benefits - some that are more powerful than those found in more common tocopherols. These include increased brain health and functionality, anticancer activity, and cholesterol-lowering properties.

 

 
Common Forms and Uses Of Tocotrienols
 
Tocotrienols aren't commonly found in nature and when they are, they tend to occur at very low levels. However, annato, palm, rice bran, and barley oils contain tocotrienols, as well as wheat germ and oats.
Palm oil is the most concentrated natural source of tocotrienols, but even so, you would have to consume an entire cup of palm oil each day to ingest the amount of tocotrienols that experts suggest may have beneficial effects on health. For more higher levels of the substance, talk to your doctor about supplements.
Tocotrienols can also be found in synthetic supplements commonly sold in health food stores and pharmacies. While many people take vitamin E supplements, most only contain alpha-tocopherol.
Tocotrienols - particularly when taken along with squalene, phytosterols, and carotenoids - are linked to good health in several scientific studies. Specifically, tocotrienols may be effective at reducing levels of bad cholesterol as well as the risks and effects of some cancers.

 

What Are Tocotrienols Used For?

 

Tocotrienols are powerful antioxidants that can combat inflammation in the body. This anti-inflammatory effect may have several potential benefits, including:

Brain cell protection: Some studies suggest that tocotrienol has neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer's disease. Tocotrienol may also play a role in combating Parkinson's disease.However, this research was conducted in mice, not humans.

 

Decreased cancer risk: There's evidence that tocotrienols can suppress the growth of different malignancies, including those of breast, lung, ovary, prostate, liver, brain, colon, myeloma, and pancreas.However, in a pilot human study, there was no association between tocotrienols supplementation and survival in women with early breast cancer.

 

Better heart health: Tocotrienols may prevent heart-damaging inflammation and help reduce cholesterol levels. Immune-boosting effects. Animal studies suggest a possible link between tocotrienols and improved immune function.

 

Anti-aging benefits: A 2022 review of studies found tocotrienols protect the skin from inflammation, UV radiation, and melanin accumulation (patches of skin that become darker than the surrounding skin).

 

Hair loss prevention: One small 2010 study suggests that tocotrienol supplementation may help with certain kinds of hair loss.

 

Tocotrienols: A More Potent (and Safe) Form of Vitamin E
D Alpha Tocopherol Vitamin E
D - Alpha - Tocopherol -1490 IU
D-Alpha-Tocopherol 1100IU
D-alpha Tocopherol

Tocotrienols are a recently discovered form of vitamin E with superior health benefits and a better safety profile than tocopherols, the more common form of vitamin E that is used in most supplements today.


Virtually everyone reading this has heard of vitamin E. In fact, many of you are likely taking it as a supplement, either in a multivitamin or on its own.

 

But did you know that supplementing with the most common form of vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol, doesn't improve health over the long term—and, in fact, can actually increase the risk of cancer and heart disease?


The good news is that thanks to a breakthrough discovery by scientists about 20 years ago, we now know of another form of vitamin E—called tocotrienols—which has far more potent health benefits and does NOT carry any of the long-term risks of tocopherols.

 

A brief history of Vitamin E
Today, we know that Vitamin E is a family of eight separate but related molecules. There are four tocopherols (alpha, beta, delta, and gamma) and four tocotrienols (alpha, beta, delta, and gamma).

 

The molecular structure of tocotrienols is different than tocopherols: they have shorter tails and heads and don't anchor deeply into the cell membrane. These differences allow tocotrienols to more easily enter cells and intercept free radicals—which explains why tocotrienols are 40–50 times more potent than tocopherols as antioxidants!

 

Most foods or plants that contain Vitamin E have a mixture of different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols. For example, rice contains 35 percent delta- and gamma-tocotrienol, 15 percent alpha- and beta-tocotrienol, and 50 percent tocopherol.

 

The annatto plant is the only source of Vitamin E that contains pure delta- and gamma-tocotrienol. This is important because we know that delta and gamma are the most potent forms of tocotrienols when it comes to their effects on human health.

 

The diverse benefits of tocotrienols: A better form of vitamin E
Since tocotrienols were only distinguished from tocotrienols about twenty years ago, we are still learning about their unique functions and effects. But there is already a large body of evidence showing that they have remarkably potent and diverse impacts on human health.

 

Tocotrienols help maintain healthy metabolic function
Tocotrienols have a wide range of benefits on metabolic function. They reduce blood sugar, triglycerides, blood pressure, and accumulation of fat in the liver and abdominal area. They also improve insulin sensitivity and may assist with weight loss.

 

Tocotrienols help maintain healthy lipid levels and cardiovascular health
Tocotrienols have multiple effects on cardiovascular function and lipid metabolism. They reduce the activity of the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, which is also targeted by statin drugs. Tocotrienols have a more gentle effect on this enzyme, however, so they do not typically cause the side effects that are associated with statin drugs.

 

Studies have shown that tocotrienols reduce LDL particle number, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. They also reduce the oxidation of LDL particles and inhibit their adhesion to artery walls. (Conversely, alpha-tocopherol oxidizes LDL, which may in part explain why supplemental tocopherols are associated with an increased risk of heart disease.) Tocotrienols reduce inflammatory cytokines associated with cardiovascular disease and their gene expression, including tumor necrosis factor αlpha, and interleukins 2, 4, 6, and 8.

 

Tocotrienols promote healthy brain function
Tocotrienols help maintain a healthy brain as we age. They reduce the pool of two proteins—FPP and GGPP—that have been shown to promote the development of Alzheimer's disease.

 

Tocotrienols help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress
Inflammation and oxidative stress are at the root of all chronic, modern diseases, and they are also primary drivers of the aging process. As noted above, tocotrienols are powerful antioxidants—in fact, they are 40–50 times more potent as antioxidants than tocopherols. They've been shown to increase total antioxidant status in the body, and they may even protect against radiation exposure—both from environmental exposure and from chemotherapy.

 

Tocotrienols inhibit the production of inflammatory compounds like Nuclear Factor kappa-Beta (NFkB), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a), C-reactive Protein (CRP), nitric oxide, and Interleukin 2, 4, 6 and 8.

 

Tocotrienols - Why Should We Care?

 

 

Vitamin E is a family of eight analogues
Vitamin E is a family of eight fat-soluble compounds that are divided into two forms – Tocopherol and Tocotrienol, each of which have four structurally and chemically diverse molecules scientifically termed as alpha (α), beta (β), delta (δ), and gamma (γ) respectively. α-Tocopherol was discovered first and is traditionally the compound most associated with the term Vitamin E. Its semi-synthetic and/or synthetic form is commonly used in products that contain Vitamin E.

 

Not all Vitamin E analogues are created equal
Vitamin E is a very important nutrient to our bodies. Without it, the body's immune system is impaired and the body becomes more at risk to coronary heart disease, cognitive decline, eye health issues, muscle weakness and even cancer. It is so important that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends 15 mg of Vitamin E daily. Classically, the α-Tocopherol analogue was affirmed as the most important analogue to meet human Vitamin E requirements. The main function of α-tocopherol in humans is that of a fat-soluble antioxidant. Fats, which are an integral part of all cell membranes, are vulnerable to damage through lipid peroxidation by free radicals caused by oxidative stress.

 

However, subsequent research has shown that the other Vitamin E analogues are very important to human health and can do far more than address a basic need. These other analogues are also known to be potent antioxidants, and have benefits that reach beyond simply preventing a deficiency. Tocotrienols and γ-tocopherol are thought to be better scavengers of peroxyl radicals and reactive nitrogen species, respectively, than α-tocopherol. These other analogues have unique anti-inflammatory properties not seen in α-tocopherol. Decades of research has shown that Tocotrienols, in particular, are key analogues of Vitamin E able to impact various aspects of health and wellness.

 

Tocotrienols- A Superior form of Vitamin E
Tocotrienols are structurally similar to Tocopherols – they both have a chromanol head and a fat-soluble side chain. Tocotrienols differ from Tocopherols in that their fat-soluble side chain is unsaturated, a key property that gives Tocotrienols up to 60x more antioxidative potency compared to α-Tocopherol (Galli et al., 2016), and making them a better form of Vitamin E.

 

Many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis, neurodegenerative conditions (Alzheimer's disease is an example), cancer and even ageing are closely associated with the cumulative effects of prolonged oxidative stress.

 

Inflammation is an immune system response to a stimulus and happens when the body's immune system is fighting against something that is considered harmful. It is one of the manifestations of oxidative stress, and the pathways that generate the mediators of inflammation, such as adhesion molecules and interleukins, are all induced by oxidative stress. Chronic inflammation has been linked to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes.

 

The unsaturated side chains of Tocotrienols make it a very effective reactive oxygen species scavenger. The presence of these extra double bonds in the side chain makes Tocotrienols a smaller molecule compared to Tocopherol. This smaller size ensures better flexibility with higher cellular activity.

 

Better for you, Naturally
While synthetic tocopherol ingredients exist in the market, synthetic Tocotrienols do not and are therefore sourced and isolated from a wide array of plants. Oil palm, rice bran, and annatto seeds are some of nature's richest sources of Tocotrienols.

 

Crude palm oil extracted from the fruits of oil palm is a rich natural source of Tocotrienols, enabling us to isolate up to 800 mg of Tocotrienols per kilogram of crude palm oil. Oil palm is particularly attractive because it is the only plant that naturally contains the full spectrum of Tocotrienol analogues (α, β, γ and δ-Tocotrienol) as well as the alpha form of tocopherol (α-tocopherol) .

 

Vitamin E Analogues (Isomers)

Oil Palm

Rice Bran

Annatto Seed

α-tocotrienol

26%

< 2%

β-tocotrienol

3%

γ-tocotrienol

32%

51%

10%

δ-tocotrienol

8%

90%

α-tocopherol

24%

42%

Others

4%

6%

 

Each analogue of Tocotrienol are functionally unique, with α-, β-, δ-, and γ-Tocotrienol each exerting different beneficial effects on health and disease that are separate from the biological functions of α-tocopherol (Sen et al., 2006). Present together naturally, they work synergistically to promote overall health and wellness. 

 

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FAQ
 
 

Q: What do tocotrienols do for the body?

A: Tocotrienols possess powerful neuroprotective, anti-cancer and cholesterol lowering properties that are often not exhibited by tocopherols. Current developments in vitamin E research clearly indicate that members of the vitamin E family are not redundant with respect to their biological functions.

Q: What is the difference between vitamin E and tocotrienols?

A: Tocotrienols are a group of chemicals that are part of the vitamin E family. Most vitamin E supplements are higher in tocopherols than tocotrienols. Tocotrienols may help fight free radical damage to the gastrointestinal system.

Q: What foods are high in tocotrienols?

A: Palm oil and rice bran oil contain particularly higher amounts of tocotrienols (940 and 465 mg/kg, respectively) . Other sources of tocotrienols include grape fruit seed oil, oats, hazelnuts, maize, olive oil, Buckthorn berry, rye, flax seed oil, poppy seed oil and sunflower oil .

Q: What is the best way to get tocotrienols?

A: The best dietary sources of tocotrienols are rice bran and palm oil. Tocotrienols are also found in smaller quantities in wheat, barley, and soybeans. [fn value=7][/fn] Unfortunately, most products that are potentially rich in tocotrienols have been processed or altered so that the tocotrienols are removed.

Q: Which tocotrienol is best?

A: Delta- and gamma-tocotrienols are the most potent form, and annatto is the only known plant that contains 100 percent delta- and gamma-tocotrienol, with no other forms of tocotrienols and no tocopherols. It's also important to ensure that you are not taking more than 30 mg/d of tocopherols from other supplements.

Q: How do you increase tocotrienol absorption?

A: Food like a fatty meal enhances tocotrienol solubility due to the formation of mixed micelles that increase the area of absorption in the intestines caused by stimulating bile salts and pancreatic enzyme secretion.

Q: What depletes vitamin E?

A: Vitamin E deficiency is extremely rare in humans as it is unlikely caused by a diet consisting of low vitamin E. Rather, it tends to be caused by irregularities in dietary fat absorption or metabolism. Vitamin E is a lipid-soluble nutrient.

Q: What is alpha tocopherol also known as?

A: Vitamin E (also known as tocopherol or alpha-tocopherol) is a nutrient that is found in every cell of your body.

Q: Is d-alpha-tocopherol safe?

A: When taken by mouth: Vitamin E is likely safe for most people when taken in doses lower than 1000 mg daily. This is the same as 1100 IU of synthetic vitamin E (all-rac-alpha-tocopherol) or 1500 IU of natural vitamin E (RRR-alpha-tocopherol). The risk of side effects increases with higher doses.

Q: Is d-alpha-tocopherol the best vitamin E?

A: There are natural and synthetic forms of vitamin E. Health care providers usually recommend natural vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol) or natural mixed tocopherols. Some prefer mixed tocopherols because they most closely represent whole foods.

Q: What is the safest form of vitamin E?

A: Tocotrienols are a recently discovered form of vitamin E with superior health benefits and a better safety profile than tocopherols, the more common form of vitamin E that is used in most supplements today.

Q: Who should not take vitamin E?

A: Use of vitamin E can interact with many conditions. For example, research suggests that oral use of vitamin E might increase the risk of prostate cancer. Other research suggests that vitamin E use might increase the risk of death in people with a severe history of heart disease, such as heart attack or stroke.

Q: Where does D-alpha tocopherol come from?

A: Most Vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol) in North America is derived from soybean oil even though d-alpha tocopherol can be derived from other oils, including wheat germ oil.

Q: Is D-alpha tocopherol synthetic?

A: Natural vitamin E (RRR-α-tocopherol or d-α-tocopherol) is a single entity, whereas synthetic vitamin E (all-rac-α-tocopherol or dl-α-tocopherol) is a mixture of eight stereoisomers in equal amounts.

Q: What are the 4 types of tocopherols?

A: Tocopherols exist in four forms designated as α, β, δ and γ. Due to their strong antioxidant properties, tocopherols have been suggested to reduce the risk of cancer.

Q: How to know vitamin E deficiency?

A: Numbness and tingling: Damage to nerve fibers can prevent the nerves from transmitting signals correctly, resulting in these sensations, which are also called peripheral neuropathy. Vision deterioration : A vitamin E deficiency can weaken light receptors in the retina and other cells in the eye.

Q: Is D alpha tocopherol the best vitamin E?

A: There are natural and synthetic forms of vitamin E. Health care providers usually recommend natural vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol) or natural mixed tocopherols. Some prefer mixed tocopherols because they most closely represent whole foods.

Q: What does D alpha tocopherol do for the skin?

A: Tocopherol, or alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form of vitamin E. It helps retain moisture to keep your skin looking radiant and healthy.

Q: What is D alpha tocopherol found in?

A: A nutrient that the body needs in small amounts to stay healthy and work the way it should. It is fat-soluble (can dissolve in fats and oils) and is found in seeds, nuts, leafy green vegetables, and vegetable oils.

Q: How much vitamin E is in D alpha tocopherol?

A: The natural form is more potent; 1 mg vitamin E = 1 mg d-alpha-tocopherol (natural vitamin E) = 2 mg dl-alpha-tocopherol (synthetic vitamin E). Some food and dietary supplement labels still list vitamin E in International Units (IUs) rather than mg. One IU of the natural form of vitamin E is equivalent to 0.67 mg.

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